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    A number of tinned iron armor plates excavated from the Jizhong site Photo: Courtesy of the Shaoxing Institute of Cultural Relics and ArchaeologyArchaeologists at the Jizhong ruins site in Shaoxing, East China's Zhejiang Province, recently unearthed a large number of tinned iron armor plates and semi-finished pieces dating to the Wu period of the Three Kingdoms (222-280), according to the Shaoxing Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology. These discoveries represent the earliest known tinned iron artifacts in China to date, as well as the earliest tinned iron production remains found anywhere in the world, proving that an organized, systematic craft industry for tin-plated ironwork existed at that time.
While China has a long history of making tinned bronze and tinware, there has long been a lack of reliable historical records or physical evidence to prove early local production of tinned iron artifacts. The newly discovered armor plates can fill this gap, demonstrating that, by no later than the Wu period, local craftspeople in Zhejiang Province had mastered the art of tin-plating iron surfaces. This reflects the region's advanced metallurgical skills at that time, Ge Shuaikun, a researcher at the Shaoxing Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, told the Global Times on Tuesday.
Over the last three years, archaeologists working at the Jizhong ruins site have excavated hundreds of tinned iron armor plates from ancient wells and ash pits. A preliminary investigation confirmed that the surfaces of these plates contain high levels of tin. Subsequent laboratory analyses were conducted in collaboration with the Shaoxing's institute and the Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science & Technology at the University of Science and Technology Beijing with methods such as Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Micro-CT to deeply examine the samples' materials, structures, and technological traces.
    Photo: Courtesy of the Shaoxing Institute of Cultural Relics and ArchaeologyAccording to Ge, tin is a non-toxic metal with a low melting point, excellent corrosion resistance, and a silvery sheen. Tin plating effectively prevents rust, making iron armor far more durable and indeed, even after being buried for 1,700 years, many of these tinned plates retain their silvery metallic shine.
Research shows that the craftspeople immersed iron armor plates in molten tin, thus ensuring complete coverage of the surface with a continuous tinned layer. This coating isolated the iron from exposure to air and moisture, dramatically boosting corrosion resistance. Many of the excavated tinned armor pieces still show a clear, bright silver-white finish.
One major reason for tin-plating the armor was to prevent rust. At the same time, the silvery white shine of tinned iron offered a more striking, beautiful appearance, standing out from the typical dark iron armor of the era. This visual distinction may have marked these pieces as a higher-grade military asset, according to an article from the University of Science and Technology Beijing's official website.
The article said that in earlier eras, from the pre-Qin to Han dynasties, tin was widely used as a surface coating on bronzeware and ceramics. Researchers believe the tin-plating of iron armor discovered at the Jizhong ruins site during the Wu period of Three Kingdoms built upon this local tin-coating tradition, representing an adaptation of those techniques across different materials. The process likely benefited from technological exchange among various specialized workshops at the site, including those making bronze castings, iron weapons, and other metallurgical products.
。    　　讯 8月25日，人民币对美元中间价报6.7852，调贬11个基点，前一交易日中间价报6.7841。　　中国人民银行授权中国外汇交易中心公布，2026年8月25日银行间外汇市场人民币汇率中间价为1美元对人民币6.7852元，1欧元对人民币7.8791元，100日元对人民币4.2518元，1港元对人民币0.86587元，1英镑对人民币9.2106元，1澳大利亚元对人民币4.8302元，1新西兰元对人民币4.0261元，1新加坡元对人民币5.3185元，1瑞士法郎对人民币8.4249元，1加拿大元对人民币4.8757元，人民币1元对1.1901澳门元，人民币1元对0.59751林吉特，人民币1元对12.4402俄罗斯卢布，人民币1元对2.3702南非兰特，人民币1元对205.41韩元，人民币1元对0.54413阿联酋迪拉姆，人民币1元对0.55626沙特里亚尔，人民币1元对45.9745匈牙利福林，人民币1元对0.54584波兰兹罗提，人民币1元对0.9489丹麦克朗，人民币1元对1.4064瑞典克朗，人民币1元对1.3793挪威克朗，人民币1元对7.11634土耳其里拉，人民币1元对2.5032墨西哥比索，人民币1元对4.8529泰铢。版权申明：凡注有“”或电头为“”的稿件，均为独家版权所有，未经许可不得转载或镜像；授权转载必须注明来源为“”，并保留“”的电头。    。

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